Ancient Greece

- City-states (polis), e.g., Athens and Sparta

- Athens: democracy, arts, philosophy

- Sparta: military training and discipline

- Olympic Games, contributions to science and mathematics

Ancient Rome

- Began on Tiber River, grew into a large empire

- Republic → Empire ruled by emperors

- Engineering: roads, aqueducts, Colosseum

- Roman law, Latin language, cultural influence

Comparison

- Both contributed to politics, culture, and technology

- Greece: independent city-states; Rome: unified empire

- Greece: philosophy, arts, democracy; Rome: engineering, law, governance